Idgham With Ghunnah and Idgham Without Ghunnah

Idgham is one of the major rules in Tajweed that guarantees the correct pronunciation and accurate letter combination during Quran recitation.

Idgham with Ghunnah and Idgham without Ghunnah are the 2 types of Idgham rule in Tajweed.

Follow us in this article, where we will discuss these two types with a full explanation for dthe ifferences between them and when to apply each type, in addition to learning all about Ghunnah and its mechanism.

Idgham With Ghunnah And Idgham without Ghunnah

Idgham in Tajweed is the rule for Noon Sakinah and Tanween; it refers to merging the noon Sakinah or Tanween with the following Idgham letter together and pronouncing it as one enter of the second type.

There are 6 Idgham letters: ي، ر، م، ل، و، ن; they are collected in the word يرملون for easy memorization.

It is applied 

The two types of Idgham are:

• Idgham With Ghunnah

• Idgham Without Ghunnah

In the following lines we will discuss both of them and learn the letters of each type with examples from the Holy Quran.

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What Is Ghunnah?

Ghunnah is one of the most popular rules in Tajweed; it is the sound given out of the nasal cavity when articulating the letters Noon ن and Meem م.

Applying Ghunnah in the Quran depends on opening the nostril; it represents the main difference between the 2 Idgham types, Idgham with Ghunnah and Idgham without Ghunnah.

It results in flow of recitation and precision in pronouncing letters.

• Explore the proper pronunciation of Arabic Shadda.

Idgham With Ghunnah

It refers to merging the first letter whether  noon sakinah or tanwen with the second Idgha letter that requires applying a soft nasal sound during merging.

Letters of Idgham with Gunnah

Idgham With Gunnah is represented by 4 letters: ي، ن،م ، و, which are collected in the Arabic word ينمو.

The typical Gunnah sound is pronounced 50% from the mouth and 50% from the nose.

Idgham with Gunnah is divided into two types:

• Full Idgam with Gunnah: When the noon sakinah or tanween are followed by the Idgham with Gunnah letters ن، م.

• Partial Idgham with Ghunnah: when the noon sakinah or tanween are followed by the Idgham with Gunnah letters ي، و.

Examples Of Idgham With Ghunnah

The Holy Quran is full of examples for Idgham with Gunnah either with noon sakinah or tanween let's examine some of them.

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Read about: Idgham in Tajweed

Idgham Without Ghunnah

It is applying the merging of noon sakinah or tanween with the following Idgham without Ghunnah letters which are Laam and Raa ل، ر, without producing a nasal sound during merging.

The sound in this Idgham type is produced 100% from the mouth.

Examples Of Idgham Without Ghunnah

Let's have a quick look at some examples for Idgham without Ghunnah in the Holy Quran.

Idgham Mutaqaraibain المُتَقَارِبَين

Idgham Mutaqaribain is applied when two letters of close articulation points and characteristics follow each other.

For this reason it is called Mutaqaribain which means close to each other.

Examples for Idgham Mutaqaribain

• Laam Sakinah with Raa: وَقُـل رَّبِّ

• Qaaf sakinah ق with ك Kaf : نَخْـلُـقكُّـم

• Laam in Sun letters: الصِّرَاطَ, فَالزَّاجِرَاتِ,  الطور, الثمرات, and for all other Sun letters.

Exceptions of Idgham with Ghunnah and Idgham without Ghunnah

There are some cases where Idgham ruling for noon sakinah or tanween is not applied.

Typically, Idgham is applied between two words not in the same word,it is applied in case that the noon sakinah and the following Idgham letter belong to 2 words.

If they met each other I the same word, the are pronounced distinctly and it is called “Izhar Motlaq”.

Four instances for Izhar Motlaq in the Quran

These are the instances where noon sakinah is followed by Idgham letter in the same word and pronounced distinctly from its articulation point, they are in the words:

• الدنيا

• بنيان

• صنوان

• قنوان

Specific Exceptions

Verses with continuous recitation

• Like the case of the verse يس * وَالْقُرْآنِ الْحَكِيمِ, Hafs pronounced the noon sakinah of the seen س letter from its Makharaj without merging.

• Also in the verse ن وَالْقَلَمِ وَمَا يَسْطُرُون, he pronounced the noon sakinah obviously from its Makharaj without merging with Waaw.

Initials recitation

The beginning of some Surahs like Ash-Shu'araa and Al-Qasas is denoted طسم,  Hafs assimilated the noon sakinah of the Seen letter س into the Meem letter, it is an example of assimilation of the proximate.

Stopping on Noon and Meem

In some cases, stopping is obligatory, like the verse وَقِيلَ مَنْ رَاقٍ, Here, there is a pause required, therefore, the Noon in مَنْ is not merged into the following Raa, and both are pronounced distinctly.

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Main Differences Between Idgham With Ghunnah And Idgham Without Ghunnah

After explaining Idgham with Ghunnah and Idgham without Ghunnah, let's highlight the main differences between them for easier recall and memorization.

• Read also: What is Qalqalah in English?

Conclusion

Idgham with Ghunnah and Idgham without Ghunnah are two important rules that govern Quranic recitation.

They mean merging certain noon sakinah or tanween with certain letters to ensure flow of recitation with clarity and accuracy to preserve the correct Quranic sound and meaning.

Mastering these rules enables you to explore your beautiful recitations and increases the bonds between you and the Holy Quran.

FAQs

What are the types of Idgham?

There are 2 types of the Idgham rule in Tajweed concerning the Noon Sakinah and Tanween pronunciation: Idgham with Ghunnah and Idgham without Ghunnah.

If Noon Sakinah or Tanween is followed by ي، ن، م، و, it is merged in it, giving a nasal sound and called Idgham with Gunnah.

However, if Noon Sakinah or Tanween is followed by ل، ر, it is merged into a bit without nasal sound and called Idgham without Ghunnah.

What is the rule of Ghunnah?

Ghunnah is a specific sound produced from the nose, it is like hmm, it has a duration of 2 counts.

It is typically applied when Noon Sakinah or Tanween are followed by one of the Idgham with Gunnah letters collected in the word ينمو.

It is the main difference between Idgham with Ghunnah and Idgham without Ghunnah rules.