Tajweed is a set of rules that govern Quran recitation with proper articulation and pronunciation.

In this article we will gain deeper insights into Idgham in Tajweed, it is one of the most critical rules that has many cases and positions.

We will discuss all its types to become familiar with when to apply it and how.

It is essential for Muslims to learn Tajweed because reading the Quran with accuracy and itqan is one of the ways to find closeness to Allah and adhere to his orders.

What Is Idgham in Tajweed

Idgham refers to adding something to another, it is assimilation or merging of certain letters together when they are found in certain combinations in the same word or between two words.

it is a rule applied in some cases while reciting the Quran to be easier for us.

It is joining two letters together then producing the sound of the letter with dominant characteristics which makes pronunciation easier to our tongues.

Idgham rule is applied to Noon Sakinah, Tanween, and Meem Sakinah.

In the coming lines we will dive into each type in detail with practical examples for comprehensive understanding.

The Purpose of Idgham in Tajweed

Tajweed us an essential rule for reciting the Holy Quran properly and with correct articulation with ease.

It is crucial for those who seek to have excellent recitation and beauty while reading the Quran.

Importance of Idgham in Tajweed

Implementing the Idgham rule is beneficial foe various reasons:

• It helps in maintaining the rhythm and the flow of recitation without interruption or pause between letters, making recitation more interesting and pleasing to ears.

• Clarity and enhancing the meaning by reducing disruption and ensuring that sounds are blended in harmony.

• Increase the spiritual connection: when reciters adhere to Tajweed rules, they show respect and commitment towards the sacred divine message, which brings Allah’s blessings.

• Enhance focusing during reading or performing prayers.

• Reinforces Quran memorization because of the smoothness and fluidity that are achieved with Idgham, which helps in easier recall for the verses.

For those who strive to enhance their Quranic recitation and be closer to the Holy Quran, Al Walid Academy is offering a comprehensive Tajweed Course with professional Quran teachers to smoothly deliver the aspects of Tajweed and enjoy the efficient Quranic recitation.

When to Pronounce the Idgham in Tajweed?

Idgham is pronounced with Noon Sakinah or Tanween, it is applied when they are followed by one of the 6 Idgham letters collected in the word يرملون.

It refers to assimilating or merging the Noon Sakinah or Tanween in the following letter to give one emphasized letter of the second type.

It may be pronounced with Gunnah if the following letter is one of ي، ن، م ،و, or without Gunnah if the following letter is one of ل، ر.

There is also an Idgham rule for Meem Sakinah called Idgham Mutamathil Shafawi, it is applied when Meem Sakinah is followed by Meem Mushadadah, the first is merged into the second.

Examples of Idgham in Tajweed To Practice

The Quran is full of examples on Idgham, here are some of them to practice:

1- Idgham with Gunnah

• Noon Sakinah with Noon وَإِثْمُهُمَا أَكْبَرُ مِن   نَّـفْعِهِمَا

• Tanween with Noon وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ نَّـاعِمَةٌ

• Noon Sakinah with Meem وَيُسْقَى مِن مَّـاء صَدِيدٍ

• Tanween with Meem وَلَيَكُونـاً مِّنَ الصَّاغِرِينَ

• Noon Sakinah with Waaw وَمَا لَكُم مِّن دُونِ اللّهِ مِن وَلِيٍّ

• Tanween with Waaw مِن وَلِيٍّ وَلاَ نَصِيرٍ

• Noon Sakinah with Yaa’ فَمَن يَـعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ

• Tanween with Yaa’ خَيْراً يَرَهُ

2- Idgham without Gunnah

• Noon Sakinah with Laam وَيُؤْتِ مِن لَّـدُنْهُ أَجْراً عَظِيماً

• Tanween with Laam هُدًى لِّـلْمُتَّقِينَ

• Noon Sakinah with Raa’ أُوْلَـئِكَ عَلَى هُدًى مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ

• Tanween with Raa’ إِنَّ اللّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

3- Idgham Mutamathil Shafawi for Meem Sakinah

• Meem Sakinah with Meem Mushadadah أَنَّهُم مَّبْعُوثُونَ، ممّا.

Idgham Letters

There are 6 Arabic letters for Idgham which are: ي، ر، م، ل، و، ن.

They are gathered to be easily memorized in the Arabic word يرملون.

Another phrase for the same letters is لر ينمو, The advantage of this one is that it divides letters of Idgham into its Types, which are:

• Idgham with Gunnah ينمو

• Idgham without Gunnah لر

Knowing that Gunnah is a nasal sound produced while joining or  merging the letters together.

Pronunciation of Idgham in Tajweed: When and How

The key for understanding Idgham is knowing how to apply it and when?

Idgham is applied when two letters are joined together flawlessly and produce a fluent sound, it depends on the Idgham type either with Gunnah or without.

The correct pronunciation for Idgham requires recognising the difference between the two types with continuous practicing and listening to master this rule.

Read also: Is it Ok to read the Quran without knowing meanis?

Idgham Types of Noon Sakinah and Tanween

Idgham is entering a letter in another and pronouncing the sound of the dominant letter.

There are two types of Idgham of Noon Sakinah and Tanween

1- Idgham with Gunnah

The first Idgham type is Idgham with nasal sound.

It is applied to 4 letters. if any of them appear after Noon Sakinah or Tanween, we will remove the sound of Noon Sakinah or Tanween and merge the letter before Noon Sakinah or the letter having Tanween with the Idgham letter.

Idgham with Gunnah letters are

• Yaa’ ي

• Noon ن

• Meem م

• Waaw و

It is worth mentioning that Idgham is full or complete with the letters ن، م, However, it is partial with letters ي، و.

So we have:

• Full Idgham with Gunnah for letters: ن، م.

• Partial Idgham with Gunnah for letters: ي، و.

2- Idgham without Gunnah (without nasal sound)

The second type is Idgham without nasal sound.

It is applied to 2 letters, if any if them appeared after Noon Sakinah or Tanween, we will remove the sound of Noon Sakinah or Tanween and the merge letter before Noon Sakinah or the letter having Tanween with these two letters without producing the nasal sound of Gunnah.

Idgham without Gunnah letters

• Laam ل

• Raa’ ر

Other Types of Idgham in Tajweed

There are other different types of Idgham in Tajweed that refer to different aspects of letters articulation during the Quran recitation.

1- Idgham Mutamathilain

It is applied when two letters follows each other where the first is a consonant and the second is a vowel and have the same articulation point and characteristics, the first letter is assimilated into the second as follows:

• Laam with Laam قُـل لاَّ أَشْهَدُ

• Dhaal with Dhaal إِذ ذَّهَبَ

• Kaaf with Kaaf يُدْرِككُّمُ

• Meem with Meem جَاءتْكُـم مَّـوْعِظَةٌ

2- Idgham Mutaqaribain

It is applied when two letters follows each other where the first is consonant and the second is vowel and they have close articulation points but different characteristics, the first letter is assimilated into the second as follows:

• Laam Sakinah in Raa وَقُـل رَّبِّ،  بَـل رَّفَعَهُ

• Kaaf Sakinah in Kaaf نَخْـلُـقكُّـم

3- Idgham Mutajanisain

It is applied when two letters follow each other where the first is consonant and the second is vowel and they have close articulation points but different characteristics, the first letter is assimilated into the second as follows:

• Taa Sakinah on Daal أَثْقَلَت دَّعَوَا ، أُجِيبَت دَّعْوَتُكُمَا

• Daal Sakinah in Taa قَد تَّـبَيَّنَ

• Dhaal Sakinah in Dhaa إِذ ظَّلَمُوا

4- Idgham Shafawi

It is applied with Meen Sakinah when followed by another Meem Mushadadah with maintaining Gunnah  (complete nasal sound), as follows:

• أَنبَتَكُم مِّنَ

• أَنَّهُم مَّبْعُوثُونَ

• وَرَائِهِم مُّحِيطٌ

Learn the Proper pronunciation of Arabic Shadda.

Idgham Examples of Noon Sakinah and Tanween

1- Idgham with Gunnah examples

2- Idgham without Gunnah examples

More Examples For Practice

1- أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَاتٌ وَرَعْدٌ وَبَرْقٌ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِم مِّنَ الصَّوَاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ مُحِيطٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ

(Surah Al Baqarah 19)

2-

إِذْ أَوَى الْفِتْيَةُ إِلَى الْكَهْفِ فَقَالُوا رَبَّنَا آتِنَا مِن لَّدُنكَ رَحْمَةً وَهَيِّئْ لَنَا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا رَشَدًا (Surah Al-Kahf 10)

3- مِن كُلِّ أَمْرٍ (Surah  Al-Qadr 4)

4- وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ ( Surah Al-Ikhlas 4)

5- تَرْمِيهِم بِحِجَارَةٍ (Surah Al-Fil 3)

How to apply Idgham in Tajweed easily

Some tips you can follow to familiarize yourself with the Idgham in Tajweed rules and pronounce letters properly without changing the meaning, these tips and steps are:

1- Be alert if you find Noon sakinah or tanween.

2- Look at the following letter, whether it is an Idgham letter or not, which are ي، ن، م، و، ل، ر.

3- If it is one of ي، ن، م، و, therefore, it will be Idgham with Gunnah. However, if it is one of ل، ر, therefore, it will be Idgham without Gunnah.

4- In the case of Gunnah, apply a soft nasal sound while joining the letters, and don't apply it in the case of Idgham without Ghunnah.

5- Be sure that the pronunciation doesn't distort or change the meaning.

6- Practice continuously to be able to merge letters without overemphasizing them.

7- Listen to an accomplished Sheikh to familiarize your ears with the correct pronunciation and repeat after him.

• Read also: When to stop and continue in Quran?

Tips for Mastering Idgham in Tajweed

Achieving excellence in Idgham requires a complete understanding with continuous practice to be familiar with it.

Here are some tips for Mastering Idgham:

• Consistent practicing: it is essential to dedicate time for reciting verses containing Idgham to enhance your understanding.

• Regular listening: listening to an accomplished Shaikh will improve your pronunciation and auditory skills; pay attention to them and imitate them.

• Record yourself: listen to yourself to detect points of improvement in applying Idgham.

• Seek help from experts: If you're a non-Arab, it is essential to Learn Arabic and Quran online with a dedicated Islamic school that puts you on the right path through comprehensive curriculums with expert teachers.

• Use mnemonics to facilitate recalling Idgham Letters.

To master all aspects of Quran recitation,  Al Walid Academy is offering a comprehensive Quran Reading Course to teach you accurate recitation Tajweed to enhance your fluency.

Conclusion

Idgham in Tajweed is a crucial and integral rule that enhances the beauty of recitation and emphasizes the meaning of the verses.

By mastering Idgham, you enhance your recitation, increase your spiritual bond, improve your articulation, and convey the meaning of the Quran correctly.

Each correctly pronounced letter deepens your spiritual growth and connection with the Holy Quran.

Idgham refers to merging a vowel and consonant letter, it is applied with Noon Sakinah and Tanween if followed by one of the 6 Idgham letters ي، ر، م، ل، و، ن.

Take the right step and start learning Tajweed with the best online Quran classes in USA or any other country to explore the beauty of the Quran and enjoy your recitation.

FAQs

What is the meaning of Idgham?

Idgham is merging two things together, in Tajweed, we blend Noon Sakinah or Tanween with  Idgham letters to be one letter of the second type.

There are 6 letters for Idgham in Tajweed: ي، ر، م، ل، و، ن.

What are types of Idgham?

There are 2 Idgham Types:

• Idgham with Gunnah: if Noon Sakinah or Tanween is followed by one of these letters ي، ن، م، و.

• Idgham without Gunnah: if Noon Sakinah or Tanween is followed by one of these letters ل، ر.