What Is Madd Badal

What is Madd Badal? A very common question in the community of Tajweed learners.

Simply, it is a type of many Madd types found in Tajweed rules; it takes place when two hamzas come in succession in order to fulfill smooth recitation and achieve clarity and a beautiful rhythm.

Follow the following guiding lines to understand the accurate meaning of Madd Badal with examples, its different cases of application, when to apply, and when not.

What is Madd Badal?

Madd Badal is one of many types of Madd found in Tajweed Science. it takes place when 2 hamza follow each other in the same word, the first has a haraka and the second has a sukoon sign.

So, the second hamza is replaced by a madd letter that suits the movement of the first one.

In another word, the Madd letter was originally a second hamza but it was exchanged with a Madd letter that suits the harakah of the first hamza (the harakah on the hamza matches the Madd letter following it).

It is called Madd Badal, which means “instead” in English, because we convert the second hamza (with sukoon) to a Madd letter matching the movement of the first hamza.

What is Madd Badal's Reason?

Madd Badal is applied to facilitate the difficulty that happens during the pronunciation of 2 successive hamzas in the same word.

It refers to an elongation type that occurs when a Hamzah is followed by a Madd letter (Alif, Waaw, or Yaa’) in the same word; they are essential for proper Tajweed and contribute to the smooth rhythm and beautiful Quranic recitation.

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Madd Al Badal Examples

Let’s see how Madd Badal is applied in the word آمن, it was originally أأمن, then, the second Hamza was exchanged and replaced by the Madd letter Alif that matches the Fatha on the following hamza.

And Now, let's discuss what is Madd Badal with more practical examples from the Holy Quran:

• آمَنُوا: Alif after hamza.

• إِيمَانًا:  Yaa’ after hamza.

• أُوتُوا:  Waaw after hamza.

• آدَمَ:  Alif after hamza.

• إِيمَانِهِمْ:  Yaa’ after hamza.

• أُوذُوا:  Waaw after hamza.

• آزَرَ: Alif after hamza.

• إِيلَافِهِمْ: Yaa’ after hamza.

• أُولَٰئِكَ: Waaw after hamza.

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What are Madd Badal types according to Madd letters?

The elongation in Madd badal depends on the harakah of the first Hamzah.

1-Madd Badal of Fathah

It is fulfilled when the first hamza hasca Fatha movement and followed by Alif, such as: آمَنُوا.

2-Madd Badal of Kasrah

It is fulfilled when the the first hamza has a Kasrah movement and followed by Yaa’, such as: إِيمَانًا.

3-Madd Badal of Dammah

It is fulfilled when the the first hamza has a Dammah movement and is followed by Waaw, such as: أُوتُوا.

These different Madd Badal types aim to facilitate the Quran recitation and make it smoother without interruption.

Types of Madd Badal according to Hamza cases

1-Hamza is fully pronounced همز محقق

This includes 2 types: badal and Similar badal, such as:

• المستهزئين

• متكئين 

• يَؤُوساً

2-Hamza with Ease همز مغير بالتسهيل

Refers to ful pronunciation of the first hamza and facilitation of the second one, such as: 

• ءءلهتنا – ءَالهتنا

3-Hamza with Substitution همز مغير بالبدل

According to Warsh recitation, it refers to fully pronouncing the first hamza and replacing the second one with a ya, such as:

• مِنَ السَّمَاءِ ءَاية – من السماء ياية

4-Hamza with Transfer همز مغير بالنقل 

According to Warsh recitation, it refers to transferring the harakah of the hamza to the previous letter, such as:

•  مَنْ ءَامن – منَامن

What are the rules of Madd Al Badal?

Now, it is time to learn how to apply Madd Badal and some other related rules.

Elongation Cause

Madd Badal is applied when a hamza with a vowel (Fatha, Damma, or Kasra) is followed by one of the Madd letters Alif, Waaw, or Yaa’ with a sukoon. 

This causes the vowel to be prolonged for a specific duration, usually 2 counts.

Elongation Length

In Madd Al-Badal the movement is applied for a specific timing.

For most Qira’at (recitations), Madd Badal is prolonged for 2 harakahs (counts) such as in

Hafs recitation and all other reciters which means  the vowel sound is extended for double the length of its normal sound, and doesn't expand beyond this duration.

While, Madd Badal has 3 elongation options

according to Warsh from the way of Al-Azraq: 

• Short (2 counts) which is the most preferred.

• Medium (4 counts).

• Long (6 counts).

Position

Madd Badal happens when a harakah (Fatha, Damma, or Kasra) is preceded by one of the Madd letters (Alif, Waaw, or Yaa’ with a sukoon. 

They must be directly after each other without any letters between them which allows the proper elongation with 2 counts.

Also, there must be no hamza after the Madd letter in the same word, in this case Madd Badal can not be applied.

Application

Madd Badal is a key element in Tajweed which contributes to the beauty and clarity of Quran recitation.

It is essential for ensuring the correct and smooth pronunciation of words in the Holy Quran. 

It maintains the rhythm and melody of the Quranic recitation, and helps in preventing errors in meaning caused by improper pronunciation. 

Cases of Madd Al-Badal

Madd Badal is applied in 4 cases.

1-In pause and continuation

When it takes place in the beginning of the word, such as “آمن الرسول”, where the hamza is followed by an elongated Alif.

• Learn: Where to Stop and Continue in Quran?

2-In continuation but not in pause

Such as the example in Surah Yusuf: “الخاطئين”.

3-In pause but not in continuation

Such as the example: “جاءوا أباهم”

In case of stopping on “جاءوا”, the hamza is followed by the Madd letter Waaw, therefore it is Madd Badal.

However, the Madd letter is followed by the hamza of “أباهم” In the case of continuation.

This is called Madd Jaiz Munfasil, which is stronger and longer than Madd Badal as it can be elongated for two, four, or five counts.

4-In initiation but not in continuation

Such as the example mentioned in Surah Al-Baqarah: “الذي اؤتمن”, and that mentioned in Surah Al-Ahqaf: “ائتوني”.

In case of initiation, the second hamza is replaced with a Madd letter suitable for the harakah of the first hamza.

In case of continuation, we drop the first hamza and pronounce the second one as a silent hamza.

How to learn Madd Badal?

If you are aiming to learn what Madd Badal is professionally, you need to follow some steps to achieve the proficiency level.

Study and memorization

Study theoretical science to know what is Madd Badal to become familiar with the rules and the different examples of elongation.

• Find a full online Quran Memorization program for adults.

Listen and repeat continuously

Listen to a dedicated reciter who has experience and proficiency in Tajweed rules, pay attention to the pronunciation of each hamza, and repeat after him.

1-Listen to your recitation

When you listen to your own recitation, you will be able to identify the errors to be corrected.

2-Seek professional support

It is an excellent option to seek guidance from an experienced Tajweed tutor or join online Quran classes to improve your level with professional help.

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If you find it challenging to learn what is Madd Badal individually, why don't you benefit from the online learning through Quran courses online?

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When Not to Apply Madd Badal?

After being familiar with what is Madd Badal, with all its cases and examples, let's discover the instances where Madd Badal can not be applied.

An obvious example for this exception is the word أَيْمَانَهُمْ, here the hamza has Fatha and comes before the letter Yaa’, so it is pronounced Aymanohom.

On the other hand, in the word إيمانهم, the hamza has Kasrah which matches the Madd letter, Yaa’ after it; Therefore, it is a case of Madd Badal (elongation for 2 counts according to Hafs recitation).

It is crucial to differentiate this exception for correct recitation.

Another exception is when there is another hamza after the Madd letter in the same word.

Conclusion

Madd Badal is a rule in Tajweed where elongation occurs when a hamza is followed by a Madd letter (Alif, Waaw, or Yaa’).

It was originally 2 hamzas, one with harakah and the second with sukoon, the second hamza is replaced by a Madd letter suitable to the movement of the first hamza.

It aims to achieve an accurate, smooth pronunciation and beautiful Holy Quran recitation.

In the end, we hope that we answered the frequently asked question, What is Madd Badal comprehensively and easily.

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FAQ

What does Madd Badal mean?

Simply, it is a Tajweed rule that is applied in case of succession of 2 hamzas hamzas in the same word.

The first one has a harakah while the second has a sukoon, we replace the second with a Madd letter (Alif, Waaw, or Yaa’) suitable to the movement of the first hamza in order to ease pronunciation.

How many counts is Madd Badal?

Madd Badal takes place when a hamza is followed by one of the madd letters (Alif, Waaw, Yaa’), it represents 2 counts when continuing recitation or pausing after the word with the madd.